According to calculations by Fraunhofer ISI, the amount of batteries to be recycled in Europe will reach 420 kilotons in 2030 (scenario range 200-800 kt) and 2100 kilotons in 2040 (scenario range 1100-3300 kt) (Figure 1a).

据Fraunhofer ISI的统计，2030年欧洲电池回收量将达到420千吨，2040年将达到2100千吨（图1a）。

In 2020, the majority of spent batteries still came from the consumer sector, e.g. from cell phones or laptops (Figure 1b). Today, the largest share of battery material to be recycled comes from battery production scrap.  This trend will continue in the coming years, so that this area will be the largest source for recycling in the medium term.

2020 年，大部分废旧电池仍然来自消费领域，例如手机或笔记本电脑（图 1b）。如今，可回收的电池材料的最大部分来自电池生产废料。这一趋势将在未来几年持续下去，因此该领域将成为中期内最大的回收来源。

Only in the longer term, from around 2035, when a larger number of automotive batteries will have reached their end of life, will these end-of-life batteries from the passenger car sector represent the largest share.

长远来看，从2035年左右开始，当更多的汽车电池达到使用寿命时，来自乘用车领域的这些报废电池才会占据最大份额。
 

Recyclates alone cannot meet resource needs for battery production

仅回收材料无法满足电池生产的资源需求

Today's lithium-ion batteries contain numerous valuable and sometimes critical materials that make recycling particularly attractive. These include cobalt, nickel, lithium, copper and aluminium. In terms of quantity, aluminium, nickel and copper represent the largest share (Figure 2a).

当今的锂离子电池含有大量有价值的、有时甚至是使得回收利用特别有吸引力关键的材料。其中包括钴、镍、锂、铜和铝。从数量来看，铝、镍和铜所占份额最大（图2a）。

In terms of volume, cobalt and lithium have smaller shares, but due to their high prices, they are significant in terms of value (Figure 2b). The price of lithium and cobalt in particular has increased enormously in the past two years, which has reinforced this picture.

从数量上看，钴和锂所占份额较小，但由于价格较高，因此价值也很大（图2b）。尤其是锂和钴的价格在过去两年大幅上涨，进一步强化了这一情况。

However, if we compare the quantities of materials that can be recycled from end-of-life batteries with the demand for battery materials for cell production - which is currently in a phase of extreme market ramp-up - we have to conclude that recyclates will only be able to provide a small proportion of the battery materials required in the medium term. In 2040, for example, according to our calculations, 40 percent of the cobalt and more than 15 percent of the lithium, nickel and copper required for cell production could be covered.

然而，如果我们将报废电池中可回收的材料数量与电池生产对电池材料的需求进行比较（目前正处于市场急剧增长的阶段），我们必须得出结论，回收材料将只能提供中期所需的一小部分电池材料。例如，根据我们的计算，到2040年，电池生产所需的钴40%以及锂、镍和铜的15%以上都可以得到满足。

Thus, battery recycling makes it possible to reduce dependence on battery material imports to some extent, in the medium term, and to make a significant contribution to the supply of the required materials, in the long term.

因此，从中期来看，电池回收可以在一定程度上减少对电池材料进口的依赖，从长远来看，可以为所需材料的供应做出重大贡献。

How the EU wants to regulate battery recycling

欧盟希望如何监管电池回收

Crucial to large-scale battery recycling is the regulatory framework from the political side. In the EU, the EU Commission presented a proposal for a battery regulation in 2020, to which the EU Parliament responded with numerous demands for adjustments and, in some cases, tightening. In December 2022, the European Parliament and the Council were now able to reach a preliminary political agreement, so that the regulation will come into force in the next few years.

大规模电池回收的关键是政治方面的监管框架。在欧盟，欧盟委员会提出了 2020 年电池监管提案，欧盟议会对此作出回应，提出了大量调整要求，有时还要求收紧。2022年12月，欧洲议会和理事会现已达成初步政治协议，以便该法规将在未来几年内生效。

This new regulation provides for the obligation to recycle batteries. Furthermore, it prescribes minimum recycling rates for the individual battery materials, which will be further tightened over time. It also prescribes minimum values for the use of recyclates in the production of new batteries.

这项新法规规定了回收电池的义务。此外，它还规定了各种电池材料的最低回收率，随着时间的推移，这一标准将进一步收紧。它还规定了新电池生产中回收材料使用的最低值。

In addition to technical improvements, a major challenge in the future will be to secure access to end-of-life batteries (including exported used cars) to ensure access to recyclates. Collection networks and the corresponding logistics for this must be established. 

除了技术改进之外，未来的一个主要挑战将是确保获得报废电池（包括出口的二手车）以确保获得回收材料。必须为此建立收集网络和相应的物流。